ويركزمعهد بحوثالعامة لليمينغ الصناعة الثقيلةفي مجال البحوث وتطوير التكنولوجيا المتقدمة والمنتجات الموجهة لصالح العملاء، فضلا عن بناءالقدرة التنافسية الجوهريةليجعل يمينغالصناعة الثقيلةرائدةفي هذه الصناعة.من خلال توفيرنتائج البحوثالأساسية، ويدعم المعهديمينغالصناعة الثقيلةالتكنولوجيا والمنتجات لتكون أعلىمنهافي العالمالقائمة.
معهد بحوثالعامة لليمينغ الصناعة الثقيلةهيقسم البحث والتطويرالأوليةللبحوثالتقنيةوالإدارة التقنية. وهي مسؤولة عنتطوير التكنولوجياالمطبقة علىيمينغجميع المنتجات، وإجراء البحوث الفنيةمقدمةعلى المنتجات الجديدةووضعالمعايير؛البحثالاهتزاز، والأثر، والضوضاء، والتكنولوجيا الهيدروليكية، والمطابقة الطاقةوتوفير الطاقة، والمواد الجديدة، وأنظمة التحكم، وخلق تكنولوجياتمبتكرة ومنتجاتحمليوبناءمنصة علىشبكة خاصةوعامةللتجاربوالاختباراتوذلك لتبادل التجربةالعامة ونتائج الاختبار.
Wet scrubbers, the most widely deployed FGD technology, account for around 10–15% of the water losses in power plants with water cooling systems This figure is considerably higher when dry/air cooling systems are employedFlue gas desulfurization (FGD) techniques are categorized into three types: wet, semidry, and dry FGD Wet FGD systems have been found to be reliable for various fuels and are Engineering Proceedings Free FullText The Performance of
The ranges of various operating parameters were considered, including the stoichiometric molar ratio of (1025), the inlet gas phase temperature of (120180 °C), and an inlet SO2The removal efficiency increases when stoichiometric ratio (SR), droplet velocity, and spray angle increased; the removal efficiency decreases when droplet size Optimisation of a wet FGD pilot plant using fine ScienceDirect
The ranges of various operating parameters were considered, including the stoichiometric molar ratio of (1025), the inlet gas phase temperature of (120180 °C), and an inlet SO2 concentrationMost authors agree that the desulphurization efficiency in the semidry FGD technique is a result of the competition between the SO 2 absorption rate and Flue gas desulphurization by spray dry absorption ResearchGate
The stoichiometric molar ratio in a spray drying scrubber system is defined as the mol flow ratio of fresh absorbent (Ca or Na) to SO 2 at the scrubber inlet Figure 3 illustrates the effect of the stoichiometric molar The use of trona gave better SO2 removal characteristics; a high SO2 removal efficiency of 94% was recorded at an inlet gas phase temperature of 120 °C and a stoichiometric molar ratio of 15Conversion of Ca(OH)2 in the FGD system as a function
based on a flue gas temperature into the SDA FGD of 300°F and an adiabatic approach to saturation of 30°F • The calciumtosulfur stoichiometric ratio varies based on inlet sulfur The variation in stoichiometric ratio was accounted for in the estimation The economic estimation is only valid up to 3 lb SO 2 /MMBtu inletThe use of a low pressure pulsejet fabric filter allows unlimited size of the total CFBFGD system for one as opposed to wet scrubber systems in which the byproduct is a slurry collected An industrial flue gas at low temperature containing 5,200 mg SO{sub 2}/Nm{sup 3} is treated with HSH at a stoichiometric ratio < 3Recent developments on CFBFGD technology OSTIGOV
A significant amount of unreacted sorbent (6343%) was observed at a stoichiometric ratio of 2, Wet FGD limestone scrubbing has been predominantly used over other competing technologiesThe operating cost of the FGD process mainly depends on the following factors: the amount and type of sorbent used, utility (water and electricity) consumption, maintenance required, and the endproduct disposal cost 7 Sorbent performance in spray dry scrubbing of SO 2 is influenced by several factors: eg, gas humidity, liquidtogas Comparative Study of Sorbents for Spray Dry Scrubbing of SO2
At the stoichiometric ratio (Na/S = 2), SO 2 removal efficiency was found to be around 90% On the other hand, against the wellestablished wet FGD technologybeyond 90% was achieved at a stoichiometric ratio of 25 A high degree of conversion of calcium was realized at low stoichiometric ratios with a maximum utilization of 94% obtained at a stoichiometric ratio of 15 This study also investigated the interaction effects of independent variables on SO 2 absorption using response surface methodologyFLUE GAS DESULPHURIZATION BY SPRAY DRY SCRUBBING Vaal
Wet Limestone Gypsum Process Absorbent : Limestone 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3 Stoichiometric Ratio : 103105 By Product : the spray tower is a good choice and it is in fact a commonly used choice in largescale FGD systems Mist Eliminator wet flue gas desulfurization that contacts the flue gases with lime slurriesBesides, the desulfurization unit is usually installed in front of a denitrification unit in coke oven industrial practice 5 Generally, the operation temperature of wet FGD is around 45–60 °C, 6 which is too low for lowtemperature selective catalytic reduction (LTSCR) flue gas denitrification technology 7 Consequently, more additional energy has to be consumed An efficient calciumbased sorbent for flue gas drydesulfurization
In the spray dryer, stoichiometric ratio, flue gas temperature approach to adiabatic saturation, and temperature drop across the spray dryer significantly affected SO2 removal In the fabric filter, showed that a dry SO2 scrubbing system is economical compared to limestone wet FGD/particulate control systems formoreWet FGD stoichiometric ratio is calculated as moles of reagent per mole of S02 removed Dry FGD stoichiometric ratio is calculated as moles of reagent per mole of S02 at the inlet to the FGD system A comparison of SRs for the nine cases is shown in Table 511FGD PDF Scribd
The ranges of various operating parameters were considered, including the stoichiometric molar ratio of (1025), the inlet gas phase temperature of (120180 °C), and an inlet SO2 concentrationhas recognized Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD), a postcombustion removal of sulfur from stack gases, as a reliable and environmentally acceptable process Capital costs for FGD equipment have been about equal to those of the entire boiler for a new unit (4) As such the process selection is generally made after a rigorous studyUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and
A significant amount of unreacted sorbent (6343%) was observed at a stoichiometric ratio of 2, while samples collected at a stoichiometric ratio of 15 had the lowest concentration of unreactedif air content is less than the stoichiometric ratio the mixture is fuelrich; Excess air of different fuels; Example Stoichiometric Combustion of Methane CH 4 The most common oxidizer is air The chemical equation for stoichiometric combustion of methane CH 4 with air can be expressed as CH 4 + 2(O 2 + 376 N 2) > CO 2 + 2 H 2 OStoichiometric Combustion The Engineering ToolBox
The wet FGD system is the most commonly used process because of high SO2 removal efficiency and because of solidtoliquid ratio, pH, with 120% stoichiometric air at the operating pressureThe ranges of various operating parameters were considered, including the stoichiometric molar ratio of (1025), the inlet gas phase temperature of (120180 °C), and an inlet SO2 concentrationTypical limestone wet FGD system (adapted from Miller
The Normalized Stoichiometric Ratio (NSR) defines the ratio of reagent to NO X required to achieve the targeted NO X reduction In practice, more than the theoretical amount of reagent needs to be injected into the boiler flue gas to obtain a specific level of NO X reduction In the SNCR process, the combustion unit acts as the reactor chamberHigher L/G ratios result in higher control efficiencies Higher L/G al so increases oxidation of the SO 2, which results in a decrease of the formation of scale in the absorber O&M costs are a direct function of reagent usage, so increasing the L/G increases annual costs L/G ratios are appr oximately 1:1 for wet scrubbers and are expressed asAir Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet US EPA
including stoichiometric ratio (ranging from 05 to 25), inlet flue gas temperature (ranging from 120 to 200 ℃), and flue gas flowrate (ranging from 24 to 36 m3/h) using central composite design (CCD) The stoichiometric ratio in spray drying FGD is defined as the ratio between the moles of calcium in the incoming slurry and the moles of SOWet FGD stoichiometric ratio is calculated as moles of reagent per mole of S02 removed Dry FGD stoichiometric ratio is calculated as moles of reagent per mole of S02 at the inlet to the FGD system A comparison of SRs for the nine cases is shown in Table 511FGD PDF Scribd
